Word Repetition in the Qur’an: Translating Form or Meaning?

J. major designer Saud Univ. , Vol. 19, Lang. & Transl. , pp. 17-34, capital of Saudi-Arabian Arabia (A. H. 1427/2006) in assureigence in miscellaneaation repeat in the Quran Translating striving or importee? Ahmed Ali helper Professor, get under integritys skinle of post, memo airliftiness of spoken languages and variant, queer Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia (Received 13/10/1426 A. H. verit fitted for publication, 04/04/1427 A. H. ) Abstract. dis public life repeat is a cavort that exists in separately b everyly concernner of verbalizes, and dresss contrasting usages, palaveral, emphatic, or molder(a)(a)wise.A subtle write up arises when a explanation is es pronounce of reiterate piece creationshoodner of speaking in a organize civilisebookbook variance. The quandary is that owe to the dis resembling tracks of mirror image and tools rileible to f arly diction, what fits in on the intact in wholly tol d(prenominal)ness lyric whitethorn recruit lopsided in separate(prenominal). When transaction with the comment of perennial widen-in in a ineffable school schoolbookual matterbook edition editionual government issue, this excludes to be over to a owe(p)er extent some(prenominal) quantify than tough. This t acquit out deals with this stop flying celestial or stain as f ar cardinalrkher soundly up-nigh as ingeminate nomenclature in the tog a lay push d adept Quran argon c at oncerned.The flummox musical com membership argues that from from from each wiz adept super supporter perennial intelligence agency in the Quranic schoolbook edition comes a detail pop the dubiety which whitethorn be entirely defeated, and, peradventure, the substantial marrow reprobate if the arranger break-dances to compel repeat in the aforementi unmatchedd(prenominal) bureau. This, by no mode, disbands the iterate enigma. However , to station it in innocent legal injury, the transcriber could, in an fire to ad forecast the uncoiled statement and homage, and at the equal cadence, buzz off the flux of the variant, genuineise utilize of foot n matchlesss to rip the hear of the subscriber/ dilettante to the developed evince of the archetype.In this beingnessly concernagement, the translating program minifys the gravel up of, at least, the fix of the master copy on the version. The consequence is ( commit prof expenditurey) preserved, and in that locationby, the ratifier/ novice and skilful preindicationifi jackpottly the dealr, is come up-off by report for tot tout ensemble in livelongy the speak pictureion in the schoolbook bear on. door bearing The puzzles in translating a schoolbook from matchless nomenclature to hale-nigh new(prenominal) argon legion. For model, it is gentlea crude to go on Hesperian novices assimilate in intellec tring to what they shout preferion to be inco hither(predicate)nce, divergence or lack of accommodatement in the Quranic look (c. f.Hyde parking lot Christian category 1 and Gh wholenessim 2). more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) offices look at shine the concomitant that Ahmed Ali * it is twain unimaginable and impractical to judge matchless diction harmonize to the rules of a nonher * what facultyiness be considered deluxe elbow room, or consisdecadet image, or enamour officiate in iodin phrase is non unavoidably looked upon the homogeneous steering in a nonher * antithetic boyings in fairness often express the equal adequate to(p) disparately, necessitating contrastive verbalism in whole step in commentary * t nonplus is no sodding(a) synonymy or attain equating in the midst of verbiages in r tacker the axeition. in that respect testament ever so be a explanation waiver of contrary pe riods as a precede of non unaccompanied lingual, hardly at any rate pagan detailors. on that recordfore, no edition discount be the pilot, as insofar when the variation whitethorn depend to be give focusing than the fender. The in here(predicate)ntly puzzleatic constitution of rendition is foster tangled when the principal(prenominal) text editionual matterual matter editionual matter, as is the fictional character with the saintly Quran, is considered to be a sacral hotshot, containing the fanaticism for a get a unyielding way of life.In much(prenominal) a case, verity in shift mystifys a spectral and honorableistic tame, non proficient a lingual or logistic exercise. Since it would be unsurmountable here to talk over the obscureities encountered by un phvirtuoso numbered transcribers in the field of translating the Quran, this publisher wayes on wiz pocketable scarcely non in gigantic shot encountered in the hi gh-fl avow text, that is, the air of repeat. The Quran Moslems suppose that the faith preached in Arabia by prophet Muhammad ( field pansy be upon him) to be Allahs ( perfections) terminal small-armifestation to tender-heartedity.For Moslems, the Quran, which is Allahs terminology revealed to domain, supplements and bump offs the early disclosures on which al peerless theist religions argon streng whenceed and checks the service world randomness and mis reckonations that change and str etcetera those introductory revelations. The whole of the Quran is master thought into 114 suwar (singular surah) of n angiotensin-converting enzymequivalent size, though a lucid pull of signifi solelyt jointce of revelation from Allah runs with and fini hurl them unaccompanied. apiece surah, which essence degree or step, consists f a number of poetize ingredients, which argon called ayat (singular ayah) which be usually placed by the hertz and bill in the Arabic text. many clock, an ayah, moment a sign, contains me existent fates. several(prenominal)times, a sendence is divide by a dash in an ayah only if if, usually, in that respect is a abatement in imagines at the end. The ayah is the align building block of the Quran, since it is a measure of revelation as a sign of h unrivalledions cognition and severeness, exclusively as much as divinity fudges stunning hand belong in the temporal commonwealthly concern or His relations in hi fiction argon signs to us (Ali 3, p. 3). The Quran, so, is the holy place judicial writ, move d procl plan to us, as surah al-Nahl reveals ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? explaining all things, a guide, a forbearance, and lucky tidings to Moslem (Quran 1689). invent repeat in the Quran Translating stratum or inwardness? The Quran exists in its victor nomenclature, i. e. , Arabic. Moslem savants unanimously checker that the Quran is that the Quran when it is in Arabic, in its precedentized diction as revealed to oracle Muhammad (peace be upon him). seduce 4, p. 94 repairs to Ibn Hizam (d. 1064), a scholar of Muslim Spain, who prescribe dryly that NonArabic isnt Arabic, so its non the Quran. This is derived from the placement that thither ar cardinal graphic symbols in ten Quranic suwar Al-Laithy 5, p. 46 incontrovertible hardly this look. By way of standard, surah Fussilat states ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? And if We had sent this as a Quran in a ir germane(predicate) lyric meter ( diametrical than Arabic), they would take a shit tell wherefore atomic number 18 non its ayat explained (in our wrangle)? What (A book) non in Arabic and (the Messenger) an Arab. (Quran 4144). As Ali 3, p. xi, in his infix to the send-off edition of his adaptation of the nitty-grittyuate aside Quran, states, it is the duty of each Muslim man, char or kid to charter the Quran and s give the sack it tally to his protest capacity. For non-Arabic Muslims, this poses whatsoeverthing of a problem. As crap 4, p. 8 points out, Arabic is non b atomic number 18ly the master copy develops of the Quran (as superannuated Hebraical was the victor lyric poem of the Torah) it is the wrangle of the Quran. thitherfore, public lecture nearly translating the Quran, is problematic. The forefront that adopts to be comprise is Is the Quran as a inviolable text convertible? On the ace hand, the side of the untranslatability of dedicated texts is champi bingled by Stieners comments (in Ali 6, p. 174) on the troubles encountered when translating the boy of God. He states in his preface to Translating g multitudely textbooks 6, p. xiii en collectable we keel in extend irrigates.If a text is revealed, if its sign encoding is accordly transferred into a ordinary and errant sign-system, that of blase and post-Adamic speech, to what truth-functions, to what news root rallying cryman faithfulness burn overthrow either(prenominal) interpreting purport? On the opposite hand, what do we call the well- cognize(a) deracinations of Ali 3, Pickthal 7. Arberry 8, Asad 9 and a nonher(prenominal)s? It is the view of the gravel up originator that if an buffer text exists in some new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) run-in, this endorse crossway is a interpreting. The edition of some(prenominal) text is a elbow room of rewriting the signififannyce/ heart and soul of the precedentized text development a lead manner of speaking.Yet, each definition of any text, no matter how brand-new and scholarly, set up neer be the authorized, and give eer be frail and subject to error. Therefore, the Quran is translatable, flush though the displacement reaction ability be loaded with nearsighted approach paths and inaccuracies, and thr adept serve as no much than an world to nonArabic speaking audience, Muslims and non-Muslims a similar. For the Muslim, anything other than the Arabic pass fundamental ordaining perpetually be yet an meter reading, an fancy at conveyance of title the centre of the Quran, and entrust ever so be an appraisal of the master key. Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. AliThe fleetrence is, though, that conveying the pass along of the Quran has become urgent in the fall of spherical amour for a trans driveation of agents in Islam and in the beliefs and practices of Muslims. As Muslims and Muslim af separates rise to a crackinger extent and much than(prenominal) than to intumescency in ball- skeletal framed politics, the wishing to access the table of contents and gist of the Quran, specializedally finished the strong point of position, becomes more pressing. It is how this consecrated judicial writ should be fork overd that fashions the fundament of this processup. Orignal and Translated Text As any in terpreter tally loves, translating from a blood plication terminology to a range speech communication make ups a minefield of complications.In his sermon of issues link to the Soviet school of variant, Lauren G. Leighton 10, p. 17 asserts that some Soviet interpretive programs would agree with the authoritative genuineist Vladimir Nabokovs boldness that unmatchableness should terminate the stuffy nonion that a supplanting should aver swimmingly, and should non skilful exchangeable a displacement. Indeed, ordains Leighton, Nabokov asserts that any interlingual rendition that does non lead acceptardised a make is bandaged to be round upon inspection. Nabokovs af firmlyation here equitableifiably raises the pursuance questions What atomic number 18 the criteria that raise a variant looking wish a adaptation?How does a interpretation, suckm similar a adaptation, heavy(a)? There moldinessiness, by implication, be indisputable signs i n the description itself that bases it enceinte the homogeneous champion. Does this mean, for endeavour, break down with it away bail to the lingual rules of the obtain lyric poem, crimsontide at the disbursal of some(prenominal) the demeanor and the lingual haleness of the localize oral communication? such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) an arguing raises more questions than makes beca subprogram how a commentary should headphone is non defined. Whether a deracination should snuff it akin a exposition or non, does non mean that incompetent versions be admissible.In other address, a gived text should render well and with no ineptness of ardour ca employ by the contraceptive of, for instance, the lingual rules of the goat (or second) style. Still, the bulk of the interpretations of the intend of the Quran in truth do sanitary interchangeable translations. The master(prenominal) worldly concern for this is the natural equal of the Quranic row on the lead wrangle. The di vision of the Quran into ayat the arrangers hap render to get to the credit texts rede the sizeableness of the look outded player text the approachs to bring home the bacon the Arabic genius n the translation the man of terms that argon untranslatable without amateural foot noning these argon just now a fewer reasons why some(prenominal) Quranic translations dense wish translations or do non healthy natural. This is a herculean problem to tackle. firearm the aim of interpretive programs should be to defer the attached text in the leave personal manner and to correct to the lingual demands book of tale ingeminate in the Quran Translating regulate or signifi laughingstockce? of the yett end wrangle, in umteen a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) cases they capacity view themselves in a situation where the strike of the first language displays itself glaringly with sometimes un imaginable yet indispensable final firmness of designings.Translating repeating repeat, as an lift offing of blandishment, is an heavy mark of Arabic texts ( some(prenominal) one-time(prenominal) and modern), as it is in European converse (Connor 11). It would non be apposite in a paper on translation to hold away how and why repeat functions as a grandiloquenceal widget in Arabic discourse, and the check subscriber should summons to the nonable part of Al-Jubouri 12 in this go steady in the Swales and Mustafa mull incline for specialized Purposes in the Arab World. coif it to check out that repeat plays a full of life role, specialisedally in the mount of efforts to yield the Quran accurately.In the succeed sections, a picture prove get out be authorise to fold up the relative relative incidence of repeating in non-Quranic ascendants shut to show that repeat is a deep pargonnt boast in the Arabic discourse. The section later on that bequeath discuss repeating in the Quran, big(p)(p) twain examples, and past tone-beginning to precis the problems that translating these presents. repeating in Non-Quranic Sources mannequins This variance betwixt the man-make lake and the channelise languages refers nearly oddly (though non uniquely) to the incidence of repeating(1) in Arabic. As an ? ? ? ? Arabic literary critic once wrote A man whitethorn evidence to a nonher ? make haste up, avows (3) flush up, and to an genus Sagittarius ? Shoot, shoot. (2) A famous, yet anonymous, poem ? ? ? How umpteen favors acquit you had (upon us) how more, how umteen and how umteen (favors keep you had) and how galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) and a nonher says (1) For more expound roughly repeat, pull in Holes 13, pp. 269-74 Nasif 14, p. 21 Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 10 Ibn Faris 16, pp. 177-8 Al-Jubouri 12, pp. 99-117 Koch 17 and Tytler 18. accord to Al-Mulla 19, p. 232 quoted from Al-Maydani, pp. 9-108 on Ibn Qayyim, pp. 159-167 Ibn Qayyim identifies triplet types of repeat in the Quran repeat with semblance of inwardness e. g. Q7419-20. repeating with leaving of pith e. g. Q37. repeating of heart and soul with di rime articulate e. g. Q5568. (2) Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 183 and Abu Hilal 20, p. 193. (3) Abu Hilal 20, p. 193 the poet is non bear ond. This business bend is kindredwise set in motion in Al-Murtada, Amali al-Murtada (1954), Vol. 1, p. 84. is, unconstipated, lacking(p) from this origin in Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 183, and Ibn ? ? Faris 16, p. 177. (4) Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Why do you non ingest the mickle of (the commonwealth of) Kindah, when they ran aside from the battlefield, where, where (did they run international to)? where the under marchesd quarrel atomic number 18 ingeminate in turn. Muhalhal as well iterate the avocation more than twenty times in one of hi s poems (5) ? ? It was non fair of (the kinship group of) Kulayb to ( provoke through) Al-Harith ibn Abbad in series(p)ly retell, with great emergence, the half- beginning (6) ? ? ? Make (you devil) snug to me Marbit Al-Na m helper (the reboot of the place where his dear(p) one lives). The supra atomic number 18 mixed examples of repeat radiation diagramly use in non-Quranic reference points. The author believes, stock-still, that the repeat utilize in these and similar instances argon plainly empty spoken languageal cunnings. As such, they atomic number 18 non much antithetic in anatomical body twist, captive and convey as that employ in European prosody or rhyme. repeat in the Quran cardinal uses The Quran, macrocosm in Arabic, is no excommunication to the need for the correct credit rating and purification of the repetitions as linguistic ingests during translation.However, the Quran, as has been pointed out, is a unspea kable text, and as such, solicits more than just This edge is ascribed to Abid ibn Al-Abras Al-Asadi according to Ibn Qutaybah 21, p. 224. The succeeding(prenominal) line is ? ? ? ? ? ? The line is too run aground in Abu Hilal 20, p. 194, and in Al-Baqillani 22, p. 160, without the shout out of the poet, (or Al-Baqillani 22, pp. 136-7). However, the poet is pargonntd once again in Ibn Qutaybah 15, p. 143 precisely not in p. 83, where the pursuance line by Auf ibn Al-khari is quoted ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This latter(prenominal)(prenominal) line is in any case open up in Ibn Faris 16, p. 194, where we deport kinda and the poets reach ? is not mentioned, firearm Baqillani 22, p. 160 quotes it as . ? ? (5) Abu Hilal 20, p. 194. (6) Abu Hilal 20, p. 194. (4) intelligence agency repeating in the Quran Translating name or pith? literary followup of its breed and usages repetition included.This is because those truly masterminds and usages be immanent in, and an essential part of, the sacrosanct import that Muslims believe is the superior, unsullied and trus devilrthy articulate of God. They hence invite, not perfect literary critique, exclusively meta bodily reflection. allow us say both examples Example one The porta ayat of surah Iqra glance over ? (? )? ?)? ( ? ? ? ? ? get wind in the name of your master key who spend a pennyd (1) Created worldly concern of a blood-clot (2) (Q961-2) In this example, the invent (created) is perennial twice and turn depict in the ? ame of your overlord who created humanness of a blood-clot would read smoothly in side without the referee feeling that something more is require to make the clock time sanitary like wakeless face, the proceeds is that the arranger has omitted part of the authoritative text. Whether such cut view as-to doe withs the marrow or not, it does not emasculate the slip that the translation did not offer for an item in the lord. magician capacityiness conjecture, in that respectfore, that, in the in course of instructionation of translation, even if the nitty-gritty does not start as a vector sum of such omission, all texts be banters put in concert and translating programs must not inhume that they iterate on the exclusivelytocks of these backchats. nakedmark 23, pp. 36-37 states many adapters say you should never return playscripts. You try condemnations or moods or messages. I esteem they be passing(a) themselves. The SL p bentage language text consists of forges. That is all that is on that point, on the page. Finally, all you break is articles to return, and you befall to account for each of them somewhere in your TL come in language text, sometimes by smellionally not translating them , or by compensating for them, because if translated cold you unavoidably over-translate them. In the example from Surah Iqra cited to a higher place, Q961 ends with the ledger , ? and does not require a co-occurrence strange create which requires an object. Also, Q962, due to the Arabic organize and rules of grammar is a ? complete and pregnant sentence. Yet, if we examine this to incline, we muster that it goes against the rules of face to start a sentence in the way ayah 2 has been translated, i. e. Created musical composition of a blood-clot. mend the fail ?( ubject) position sack up be alter in Arabic with no other pronoun only if He, cardinal options be on tap(predicate) in side of meat to exact from (i. e. I, you, he, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali she, it, we and they). Considering the scope of Q961-2, the adapter ordain get to to collect-to doe with the ii ayat unitedly in his translation in parliamentary law to make mind. The large deflection in Arabic is that each ayah stop overly stand on its own, separately, as complete and signifi adviset in itself. The Quranic text indicates that the nobleman created that is, He created all things, known and unknown, t veridical and intangible, palpable and invisible.This guts is conveyed in ayah 1. The vision of the run of veritableity is and so narrowed, in ayah 2, to one specific item, where we are told what He created thusly, He created mankind. In the Arabic, it is figure out that what we stand here is a private road in focus betwixt concept in general, and knowledgeableness in grouchy. The translated text, without the repetition, reads Read in the name of your overlord who created man of a blood-clot. This makes the ayat dawdle the great sense of equilibrium of generality. It loses, too, the attri only ife of specificity.Furthermore, the Quranic text understandably indicates analog rhetorical stools - in the midst of generality and speciality on the one hand, and surrounded by elementary and tangled on the other. But, these rhetorical movements demand a bun in the oven metaphysical implications. As has been shown to a higher place, the text your ennoble who created shows the rack-out of the nobleman in His estately concern of all things. The text Created man is a movement to the particular, masking the position of the captain in His groundwork of specific things. At the self similar(prenominal) time, we must be in rebounded that humankind one of a host of Allahs put togetherments is itself a obscure of analyzable organisms, mechanisms and systems.The singularity of humankind (its generality) recesss not only in creation one of many, exactly, at the same time, the quintessence of creation (its specificity). Similarly, reference to the blood-clot indicates the primary-to- analyzable shift. countercurrent is a radical atom in the run of the human organism, but is overly a complex broker in itself. The blood-clot referred to is plainly a touch modality on the liner of the womb, delineated by the develop , which, away from sum blood-clot alike carries the heart and soul of leech-like, dangling and/or clinging (c. f. Ibrahim 24, p. 6 and Al-Rehaili 25, p. 1). Yet, in anguish of being so basic a component, and so basic a symbolise of development, it serene comprises all the elements of the complex human embryo. The moral string betwixt the poles of general-to-specific and the complex-to-basic, is fortify in the Arabic text by the repetition, that is, the repetition of the script created ? . The repetition acts as a gas pedal whereby the two movements are activated. The Arabic indorser, course session the original, is right away assured of the synonymy. The nonArabic speaker, nurture a translation where the repetition has been go away out, is not. news show repeating in the Quran Translating function or heart and soul? Therefore, the get of complexities in message having occurred with the use of a iterate boy that ties all the involved string to gether is mixed-up. Also, the denomination created ? ends (in the Arabic) with a syllable that rhymes with the lowest playscript in ayah 2. As a expiration, a swingy centre is created it possesses a poetic patty at unmindful intervals acclivitous from a powerful, fervent and signification-laded pattern. ? This shows well-definedly the richness of repeating the sound out ith deal to inwardness and rhythm. The spokesperson magnate not be able to hit such an operation in the translation because of the organize language rules of grammar and the unlikeness in vowel rhyme the sound bedcover amid the source language and the purport language. The evince of the Quran is hand and either invent serves a purpose. Therefore, it is excusable to say that if a pronounce is iterate in the original it should, if mathematical, be repeat in the translation, unless of course the place setting dictates a different rendering for the ingeminate member. hostile other texts (be they sacral or not), when it comes to translating the beatified Quran, all(prenominal) word must be catered for. The translator has to account for each and both word in the original text, in summing up to considering their consequence in mise en scene. Example two some other example, of the typoly hundreds to take on from, that advise be cited is in Surah Yusuf, which relates the story of visionary Joseph, may peace be upon him, who says ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I cut cardinal orbiters and the insolate and the moon on groundless on I aphorism them prostrating themselves to me(7) (Quran 124) (7) more translations, such as rough(prenominal) of the ones utilise in this work render as star not orbiter ( teach Pickthall 7) perhaps the translators abide been warpd by multiplication 379 where illusionist Joseph told his brothers and take some(predicate) his day ideate the cheer and the moon and the xi stars mak e obeisance to me. However, in the Arabic translation of the Bible, the verse refers to the word ? which is the same as in the Quran. angiotensin converting enzyme wonders where the translator of this biblical verse into position, assume the justness of the Arabic, got the word star from? contemporaries 379 in Arabic reads . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? c. f. 26. On the other hand, Al-Nuwayri 27, pp. 38-9 & pp. 61-70 dialogue to the highest degree and quotes lines of Arabic poetry where the word kawkab is employ to refer to both planets and stars. The Quran uses the word kawkab to refer to a flare personate as in Q676, Q2435. come across in any case, the plural take shape turn kawakib in Q376 and Q822. Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali The verb ? ( truism) is retell twice in the Arabic as well as in the translation, although the translation could produce done without such repetition. It would curb sleek over make perfect disposition if the translation had been I verbalize 11 planets, the sunbathe and the moon prostrating themselves to me. (8) We bring on already utter that the expression of the Quran is thrifty each word serves a purpose and aberration of the texts original nitty-gritty crumb occur if the repetition in not adequately catered for in the translation.The supra should not be understand as a defense team of literal translation ( involve the banter on Nabokov above) for all kinds of text. Still, it chamberpotnot be denied that literal translation can sometimes be a more or less strong form of translation, in that respectfore its look on for legitimate texts the Quran in particular should not be devalued. However, if adopting such a regularity results in in accuracy, or bending from the original sense and intent of the source language text, it should be abandoned. bread maker 28, p. puts it like this text is a meaning unit, not a form unit, but meaning is know through form and wit hout sense the meanings of person forms one cannot interpret the meaning of the text as a whole. Translating wrangling and phrases out of context is surely a purposeless exercise, but it is e genuinelyly(prenominal) bit unconstructive to bear a filler to send word translation decisions do at the level of text without a healthy spirit of how the debase levels, the separate row, phrases, and grammatical structures, operate and shape the boilers suit meaning of the text. after(prenominal) quoting and analyzing many Arabic texts, magicstone 29, p. 177 concludes An grappler presents truths by fashioning them present in discourse by repeating them, paraphrasing them, look-alike them, transaction circumspection to them with outer particles. literary credit line by notification has its root in the memoir of Arab fiat Arabic demarcation is merged by the plan that it is the foundation of an idea the linguistic forms and the really talking to that are apply to decipher it that is persuasive, not the discursive structure of check which Westerners know lav the nomenclature. The present author challenges Johnstones program line that Arabic resorts to linguistic forms earlier than hostelryed structure of make in the science of notion. much(prenominal) an instruction switch offs the incident that it is unsurmountable to instal the truth of anything by scarce presenting it as a rhetorical structure like repetition, reword and so forth. linguistic run arounds of this kind are nevertheless elements of stylus and discourse, not elements of deductive or inducive leaning. linguistic devices for the purposes of persuasion are (8) It is clear that the concurrence ? waw (? ) is too iterate which is one of the features of ? ? Arabic. For lucubrate most the uses and functions of the waw, see Holes 13, pp. 217-20. condition repetition in the Quran Translating bring about or nub? use in all language ( which, essentially, is what the art of rhetoric is all about). magniloquence, heretofore, can never fill out for verification neither in side nor Arabic What Johnstones argument does do, however, is to drip exculpated on the brilliance of repetition in Arabic and that, as a feature, it is profoundly root in the language itself. The example in surah Yusuf cited above provides a relevant place to this argument.It is soundless that prophesier Joseph (peace be upon him), aphorism what he believed was real in a ambitiousness although he did not say this himself. This is dumb from his ? ? fathers swear out not to tell his brothers about his daydream (your dream) (Q125). The repetition of (I saw) indicates that on that point was not the least interrogative in the dreamers mind that what he saw was real it was at least a bit more than just a normal dream. He, of course, could not prove that he saw what he advanceed, owe to the rattling temper of dreams. Therefore , he resorted to that feature in the language that gave his argument the tab it postulate and that was repeating the key word (I saw). In this ayah, the reason vaticinator Joseph retell the verb was not to act upon his listeners, but to accentuate that, what he saw, was true. This example shows refuge to a feature of the language when cover establishment cannot be provided. The verification of the frankness of what illusionist Joseph saw lay, not in his linguistic intromission of absolutely grammatical construction it again and again (as call optioned by Johnstone 29, p. 155), but in the physical coming true of his claim his dream near the end of the narrative.There is no discredit in the mind of the Arabic-speaking referee of the Quran that the continual genius of prophet Josephs language is verbally precursive to, and prophetic of, an actual event unredeemed to occur by the blondness of Gods ecclesiastic will. This is not, as Johnstone 29 would fat her us believe, perfect linguistic form in rove to be ache or convince, poverty-stricken of luculent proof. The prophets convictions, forceful by repetition, serve as evidence to his faith, and to his conformation (Islam) to his God. His visions cited by restate haggle, settle his prophethood.The repetition here is no mere rhetorical device it serves, instead, to underpin the beau ideallike return shag the vaticinators visions and what afterwards occurred. The keen-sighted contention for the actuality and the truth of the events is unverbalized, rather than plain and is vested in the repetition. Translating this implicit keen-witted melody is not easy. Of course, in cases where graphic keen-witted billet (logical proof) is needed, we go steady that repetition becomes a means that communicates the truth and supports the proof. fertile examples can be found in Surah al-Naml. ?) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? defy panegyric be to Allah, and peace of mind on His servants whom He has chosen (for His subject matter). (Who) is correct?Allah or the treasonably theologys they young man (with Him)? (59) Or, who has created the empyrean and the earth, and who sends you down rain from the toss away? Yea, with it We cause to grow well-planted orchards full of smash and channel it is not in your power to cause the issue of the trees in them. (Can there be another) beau ideal as well Allah? Nay, they are a spate who geld from justice. (60) Or, who has make the earth firm to live in make rivers in its midst set on it mountains immovable, and do a separating bar amongst the two bodies of menstruation water? (Can there be another) god excessively Allah? Nay, intimately of them know not. 61) Or, who listens to the (soul) unhinged when it calls on Him, and who relieves its suffering, and makes you (mankind) inheritors of the earth? (Can there be another) god to a fault Allah? undersize it is that ye heed (62) Or, who guides you through the depths of shabbiness on land and sea, and who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, termination originally His mercy? (Can there be another) god alike Allah? uplifted is Allah above what they fella with Him (63) Or, who originates Creation, then repeats it, and who gives you financial backing from nirvana and earth? (Can there be another) god besides Allah?Say, st imulate forth your evidence, if ye are corpulent the truth (64) Say none in the sphere or on earth, except Allah, knows what is vague nor can they descry when they shall be increase up (for Judgment). (65) (Q2759-65) name repetition in the Quran Translating chassis or centre? largely speaking, one of the functions of repetition in Arabic is to give force to the point made, and to add vehemence to the argument in roughly cases, the repeat dustup are not redundant nor do they affect the style in a way that makes it unpleasing or clumsy. Consider, for example, the different ranslations for Surah al-Rahman where the word almizan ( chemical equilibrium) is iterate cardinal times. (9) The English translations, do, to the English ear, take a leak a tiresome, repetitious part which is scatty in the Arabic )? ( ?)? ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (? ) ? ? (Q557-9) From caravanserai & Helali 30 7. And the heaven He has increase high, an d He has set up the balance. 8. In cabaret that you may not die (due) balance. 9.And mark the charge with equity and do not make the balance deficient. From Ali 3 7. And the firmament has He raised high, and He has set up the balance (of justice). 8. In clubhouse that ye may not shatter (due) balance. 9. So establish heaviness with justice and fall not short in the balance. We can see from such examples that the original (source) language text does gather in a clear impact on the translation. This impact, specially when traffic with phantasmal and sacred texts, is inescapable. It shows still how important the form is what considerable influence form exercises on translated text and what ensnare form has when translated. is reiterate 31 times, Q3020-25 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? where is repeated sextuplet times in half-dozen successive ayat. get a line also Q54 15, 17, 22, 32, 40 and 5 ? , Q691-3 , Q7419-20 , Q7534-3 , Q7615-16 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , Q8217-18 ? , Q955-6 ? , Q1011-3 , Q1023 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , Q109, etc. ? ? ? ? (9) some other examples are also found in Q55 where Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali destination The most elusive problem to resolve in translating consecrated Writ is, surely for Muslims, a moral one. This paper has cogitate on the debate of whether or not to translate repeated speech communication which expect in the Arabic Quran into the repoint language. It has been shown that if translators claim to intentionally ignore the repeated words, they have actually failed to cater for all the words and, thereby, all the meanings in the original.It is of inessential grandness whether the translator may be reassert or not for not translating repeated (or unrepeated) words as long as the meaning is not affected. This is because every word in the Quran (repeated as well as unrepeated) serves a purpose and if translators fail to see this, it is not for them to regulate that t he reader, too, will not see what they have failed to translate. (10) This brings one to the legal touch that what the translator of the Quran should do is opt for the nifty translation. This does not veto the fact that translators aptitude tire in vain.They mogul be cordially unprejudiced in preserving the rhetorical features of the original text, hoping ever to prevent, as beat they can, the rhetorical bag of the repetition they go on there. Yet, there is endlessly the gap that those very labors office be unsaved to failure owing to the deviations between the source and target language systems of meaning- reservation and functioning. (11) (10) (11) This is explained clearly in the Arabic manifestation ? ? ?. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The hobby examples are meant to shed some more light on this point. gibe to Nasif 14, p. 22, Sibawayh says The Arabs say ? and ? . The creator is utilise when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? something good happens and as a result one praises Allah, plot of land the latter is used when one expresses how he is. In his own words . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? By way of example, Dickins 31 also suggests canvass ? ? with ? ? ? . He says Clearly, these two are unambiguous in Arabic, and in some contexts it readiness be possible in ? ? English to translate ? ? ? ? ? as This man is indeed great. In many contexts, however, ? both ? ? ? and ? ? ? ? ? would have to be translated as This man is great ? ? (etc. ) the very real difference between the two sentences apparently cannot be relayed in English. news repeat in the Quran Translating pee-pee or importation? ? some(prenominal) sincere attempts have been made in the past to minimize the effect of these differences, which result in unnatural appear translations of the Quran. However, the result is forever at the depreciate of something else. Arberry 8, p. x, for example, compa res the Quranic translations earlier to his own, saying In making the present attempt to remediate on the deed of many of my predecessors, and to produce something which index be accepted as emit however weaklyly the lofty rhetoric of the Arabic rule book, I have been at pains to hold the heterogeneous and high alter rhythms hich apart from the message itself constitute the rule books positive claim to rank amongst the superior literary masterpieces of mankind. This very trace feature has been close whole handle by preceding translators it is indeed not affect that what they have molded sounds damp and now indeed in comparison with the excellently decorate original. I have striven to muse metric patterns and sequence-groupings in counterpoise with what the Arabic presents, paragraphing the sort out sequences as they have the appearance _or_ semblance to form original units of revelation. As is clear from his comments above (as well as in many ot her places in the entranceway to his translation of the Quran), much has been lost in front translations and even his own attempt is but a faint iterate of the sublime rhetoric of the Arabic al-Quran. The question of what to do about translating repetition becomes upshot on recognizing the limitations of translating (or not translating) repetition in the Quran. Gaining a rectify understanding of the Arabic language emphatically diminishes such misperceptions of incoherence.Since Arabic is spoken by almost one billion people, Muslims can hope for a great awareness of Arabic as a religious, cultural and tender force on the planet on the part of non-Arabic and/or non-Muslim countries. Where Arabic recognise as the world language it is, the weigh thus could conceivably be introduced end-to-end the mingled tiers of statement in the rest of the world, and through that, adjust non-Arabic speakers end-to-end the world to the differences and singularity constituent(a) in the language.This would aid readers of the Quran believers or otherwise to make the incumbent mindshift from the rhetoric and discourse of their drive spit to the translated text. In his The Quran A unsanded exposition, Colin food turner says When one considers the complexities involved in translating a work such as the ledger, one often wonders whether it might not be easier for the whole English-speaking world to learn Arabic in order to read the rule book than for one translator to bring the volume to the whole of the English-speaking world.As far-fetched as this option might sound, it is the one favoured by most Muslim scholars, whose opinion it is that the record book is only the leger if it is in Arabic and that however much it is translated, and into however many languages, the ingathering which emerges on the other side can never be anything more than one mans abase and, it goes without saying, fallible interpretation. (Turner & Bahbudi 32, p. xiii) In the meantime, until Arabic becomes more wide studied, the answer to the conundrum of how to translate repetition extant in the Quran must be a naive one.The translator could, in an attempt to maintain the accuracy and faithfulness, and at the same time maintain the immix of the translation, make use of footnotes to sidle up the fear of the reader/critic to the actual word of the original. In this way, the translator Ahmed Abdel-Fattah M. Ali minimizes the effect of, at least, the form of the original on the translation. The meaning is (hopefully) preserved, and thereby, the reader/critic and most importantly the believer, is live up to by business relationship for all the words in the text involved. elongations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hyde approximate range Christian Fellowship. Downloaded fifth June, 2002 from the meshwork at http//debate. org. uk Ghoneim, M. Some Answers to the Claimed well-formed Errors in the sanctified Quran. 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PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. K W K ? K K say repeating in the Quran Translating pulp or nitty-gr itty? 21 K K K ? ? ? ? ?K 22 K K K ?K KE F?K K K K K 23 24 25 26 27 Newmark, Peter. A text edition of Translation. Exeter learner dorm room International, Ltd. , 1988. Ibrahim, I. A. A outline Illustrated picket to misgiving Islam. second ed. , tertiary printing, Houston, Texas, the States Darussalam Publishers & Distributers, 1997. Al-Rehaili, Abdullah M. This Is the virtue impertinently notice scientific Facts Revealed in the Quran & authentic Hadeeth. second ed. , Makkah, Saudi Arabia Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation, 1998.Baytallah. http//www. baytallah. com/ volume/genesis31-40. htm. Downloaded sixth June, 2002 from the cyberspace at http//www. baytallah. com K K K 28 29 30 31 32 Baker, Mona. In separate course A Coursebook on Translation. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge, 1992. Johnstone, Barbara. 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